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Twisted toroidal vortex solitons in inhomogeneous media with repulsive nonlinearity

机译:具有排斥非线性的非均匀介质中的扭曲环形涡旋孤子

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摘要

Toroidal modes in the form of so-called Hopfions, with two independent winding numbers, a hidden one (twist s), which characterizes a circular vortex thread embedded into a three-dimensional soliton, and the vorticity around the vertical axis (m), appear in many fields, including field theory, ferromagnetics, and semi- and superconductors. Such topological states are normally generated in multicomponent systems, or as trapped quasilinear modes in toroidal potentials. We uncover that stable solitons with this structure can be created, without any linear potential, in the single-component setting with the strength of repulsive nonlinearity growing fast enough from the center to the periphery, for both steep and smooth modulation profiles. Toroidal modes with s=1 and vorticity m=0, 1, 2 are produced. They are stable for m=1, and do not exist for s>1. An approximate analytical solution is obtained for the twisted ring with s=1, m=0. Under the application of an external torque, it rotates like a solid ring. The setting can be implemented in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) by means of the Feshbach resonance controlled by inhomogeneous magnetic fields.
机译:所谓的Hopfions形式的环形模式,具有两个独立的绕线编号,一个隐藏的绕线编号(扭曲s),其特征是嵌入到三维孤子中的圆形涡旋线,以及围绕垂直轴(m)的涡度,它出现在许多领域,包括场论,铁磁以及半导体和超导体。此类拓扑状态通常在多分量系统中生成,或以环形势中的拟准线性模式生成。我们发现,在陡峭和平滑的调制轮廓下,在单分量设置中,斥力非线性强度从中心到外围的增长速度足够快,可以创建具有这种结构的稳定孤子,而没有任何线性电势。产生具有s = 1和涡度m = 0、1、2的环形模式。它们对于m = 1是稳定的,对于s> 1不存在。对于s = 1,m = 0的扭环,获得了近似的解析解。在施加外部扭矩的情况下,它像实心环一样旋转。该设置可以通过不均匀磁场控制的Feshbach共振在Bose-Einstein冷凝液(BEC)中实现。

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